10 Naturals Ways to treat a Urinary Tract Infection (2023)
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a common and often painful condition that affect millions of people every year. Antibiotics are typically prescribed for UTIs, but for those looking for a more natural approach, there are several remedies that can help alleviate symptoms and prevent recurrence. Here are some natural ways to treat a UTI: 1)Drink plenty of water: Staying hydrated is one of the most important things you can do to help flush bacteria from your system. Aim to drink at least 8 glasses of water a day to help flush out bacteria and dilute urine. 2) Take a probiotic supplement: Probiotics can help restore the natural balance of bacteria in your gut, which can help prevent UTIs from recurring. Probiotics can be found in supplements, or in foods such as yogurt, kefir, and sauerkraut. 3)Use a heating pad: A heating pad placed on your lower abdomen can help relieve pain and discomfort caused by UTIs. The heat can help improve blood flow to the area and reduce inflammation. 4)Try cranberry juice or supplements: Cranberries have been shown to prevent UTIs by preventing bacteria from adhering to the walls of the urinary tract. You can drink unsweetened cranberry juice or take cranberry supplements. 5)Avoid irritants: Avoid wearing tight clothing and using harsh soaps and douches, as these can irritate the urinary tract and increase the risk of UTIs. Wipe front to back after using the bathroom to reduce the risk of bacteria spreading from the anus to the urethra. 6)Practice good hygiene: Clean the genital area regularly, and always before and after sexual activity to reduce the risk of UTIs. Urinate frequently and empty your bladder completely to reduce the amount of bacteria in the urinary tract. 7)Take a warm bath: A warm bath can help relieve pain and discomfort caused by UTIs. The heat can also help improve blood flow to the area and reduce inflammation. 8)Try garlic: Garlic has antibacterial properties that can help kill bacteria in the urinary tract. You can add garlic to your diet or take a garlic supplement. 9)Try D-mannose: D-mannose is a natural sugar that has been shown to help prevent UTIs by stopping bacteria from attaching to the walls of the urinary tract. You can find D-mannose in supplements or in some fruits, such as cranberries and blueberries. 10)Get plenty of rest: Getting enough rest is important for overall health and can help prevent UTIs by reducing stress on the body. Make sure to get at least 7-8 hours of sleep each night to help your body heal and reduce the risk of UTIs. While antibiotics are the most common treatment for UTIs, there are many natural remedies that can help reduce symptoms and prevent recurrence. Remember, it’s important to see a doctor if you suspect you have a UTI, as it can be a sign of a more serious underlying condition. In conclusion, UTIs are a common condition that can be treated naturally. By drinking plenty of water, taking probiotics, using a heating pad, avoiding irritants, practicing good hygiene, taking a warm bath, trying garlic, using D-mannose, and getting plenty of rest, you can help alleviate symptoms and prevent UTIs from recurring.
UTI or Cystitis: Distinguishing Between Two Common Urinary Woes
Cystitis and urinary tract infection (UTI) are related terms, but they are not exactly the same thing. Cystitis refers specifically to inflammation of the bladder. It is often caused by a bacterial infection, most commonly by Escherichia coli (E. coli), which is a type of bacteria that normally lives in the intestines. Cystitis can cause symptoms like frequent and urgent urination, burning or pain during urination, cloudy or bloody urine, and lower abdominal discomfort. A urinary tract infection (UTI), on the other hand, is a broader term that encompasses infections in any part of the urinary tract, which includes the kidneys, bladder, ureters (tubes connecting the kidneys to the bladder), and urethra (tube connecting the bladder to the outside of the body). UTIs can manifest as different types depending on which part of the urinary tract is affected: Cystitis: This is a UTI affecting the bladder, leading to bladder inflammation, also referred to as lower UTI. Pyelonephritis: This is a UTI that involves the kidneys. It’s a more serious infection that can cause symptoms such as high fever, back pain, and more severe general illness. So MisterPharmacist® says: Both cystitis and UTIs are commonly caused by bacterial infections, but UTIs can extend beyond just the bladder. The term “UTI” covers a broader range of infections along the urinary tract, whereas “cystitis” specifically refers to inflammation of the bladder.
Urinary Tract Infections (UTI)
Urinary/ Bladder Uncomplicated Infections You may experience some of the symptoms below: Pain or burning feeling when urinating Urinating more frequently than usual Sudden/uncontrollable urges to urinate Pain in lower stomach Mister Pharmacist can only assess and prescribe for non-pregnant women over the age of 16. HOW TO TREAT AN UNCOMPLICATED UTI? The treatment for an uncomplicated urinary tract infection (UTI) typically involves taking a course of antibiotics. Mister Pharmacist will likely prescribe a medication that is effective against the specific type of bacteria causing your infection. The most common antibiotics used to treat UTIs are nitrofurantoin (a 5 day course) or fosfomycin (1 dose). In addition to antibiotics, there are several things you can do to help alleviate symptoms and prevent the infection from recurring: Drink plenty of water to help flush bacteria out of your urinary tract Avoid caffeine and alcohol, which can irritate your bladder Take over-the-counter pain relievers, such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen, to alleviate discomfort or pain Apply a heating pad or take a warm bath to help relieve discomfort Avoid sexual intercourse until you have completed the course of antibiotics Empty your bladder before and after sexual intercourse. See our blog 10 Natural Ways to treat an UTI It’s important to take the full course of antibiotics as prescribed, even if your symptoms improve before the medication is finished. If you have recurrent UTIs, your doctor may recommend additional treatments such as a low-dose antibiotic daily regimen or self-start therapy, which can help to reduce the number of UTIs you experience. Red Flags: Need to contact your doctor! If you are pregnant, have severe symptoms like fever and chills, vomiting, blood in your urine, or if your symptoms have not improved after a few days of treatment, it is very important to see a doctor. Other red flags include: Flank or back pain (pain in the side or back below the ribs) Had treatment for a urinary tract infection <4 weeks ago Vaginal discharge, itching/irritation, or painful sexual intercourse Symptoms lasting >2 weeks Medical Emergency Screening If you are experiencing a medical emergency, call 9-1-1 or go to your nearest hospital emergency room.
Sprains and Strains
You may experience some of the symptoms below: Inflammation, soreness, or pain (light to medium) Bruising or redness limited range of motion, weak muscles Overworking a muscle or joint might result in injury. Sprain or Strain? A strain is an injury to a muscle or tendon, while a sprain is an injury to a ligament. A muscle strain, also known as a pulled muscle, occurs when a muscle is stretched or torn. This can happen when a muscle is overworked or fatigued, or when it is suddenly and forcefully contracted. Symptoms of a muscle strain include pain, muscle spasms, weakness, and stiffness. A sprain, on the other hand, occurs when a ligament, which connects bones to each other, is stretched or torn. This can happen when a joint is twisted or bent in an abnormal position. Symptoms of a sprain include pain, swelling, bruising, and stiffness. Depending on the severity of the sprain, the affected joint may also be unstable or difficult to move. Both strains and sprains are common injuries that can occur during physical activity, such as sports or exercise. Treatment for strains and sprains typically includes rest, ice, compression, and elevation (R.I.C.E) to reduce pain and inflammation. Over-the-counter pain medication such as ibuprofen can also be used to alleviate pain. In more severe cases physical therapy may be necessary to regain mobility and strength. Mister Pharmacist can help assess the situation further and prescribe a stronger NSAID (antiinflammatory)- a doctor assessment is still very much recommended.
Tick Bites
You may experience some of the symptoms below: Tick bite by black-legged tick: A red lump present, but swelling, blistering, bruising, itching or other infections may develop Mild allergic response (hives, rash, and light swelling at the bite site) Treatment options for tick bites include: Cleaning the bite: Clean the area of the bite with soap and water to prevent infection. Topical creams and ointments: These can help to reduce itching and inflammation. Over-the-counter options include calamine lotion and hydrocortisone cream. Oral antihistamines: These can help to reduce itching and swelling. Examples include diphenhydramine and cetirizine. Cold compresses: Applying a cold compress, such as a bag of ice or frozen vegetables wrapped in a towel, can help to reduce itching and swelling. It is important to avoid scratching the bite as it can cause further irritation and increase the risk of infection. If you experience severe reactions or symptoms such as fever, severe pain, redness or swelling, or if the bite area becomes infected, it’s important to seek medical attention. Prevention is key when it comes to tick bites. Here are some steps you can take to prevent tick bites: Wear long-sleeved shirts and pants, tucking your pants into your socks when walking through tall grass Use tick repellents with DEET, or permethrin on clothes and gear. Stay on the trails when hiking, and avoid tall grass or other tick-infested areas Check yourself, children, and pets for ticks after spending time outdoors If you find a tick on yourself, remove it as soon as possible using tweezers, and avoid crushing the tick. If you find a tick on yourself, it is also important to save it and bring it to a healthcare professional, they will be able to identify it and determine if it is a disease-carrying tick, in some cases they may recommend further tests or treatment.
Hey! Outdoor lovers and Hikers! Protect Yourself from Tick Bites This Summer 2023!
Hey there, folks! As the weather warms up, it’s time to get outside and enjoy the great outdoors in Ontario. But hold on a tick! The Ontario government wants to remind everyone about the importance of preventing tick bites and reducing the risk of Lyme disease and other tick-borne illnesses. So, let’s stay informed and take some simple precautions to keep ourselves and our loved ones safe while having a blast outside. Lyme disease is a potentially serious infection that occurs when an infected blacklegged tick, also known as a deer tick, sinks its teeth into you. It can cause symptoms like fever, headache, muscle and joint pain, fatigue, and even an expanding circular rash that looks like a bulls-eye. Now, ticks love to hang out in wooded areas, tall grasses, and bushes, and guess what? They can be found all over Ontario, including in city gardens and parks. Yikes! Deputy Premier and Minister of Health, Sylvia Jones, urges us, “As we soak up the sunshine, let’s also shield ourselves from Lyme disease and other tick-borne illnesses. Tick populations are growing every year, putting more people at risk. But fear not! By taking some simple steps, we can enjoy our time outdoors in our beautiful province while keeping these pesky critters at bay.” To prevent tick bites, here’s what you can do: 1. Rock light-colored clothing: Tick spotting made easy! Wear light colors, so those tiny troublemakers are easier to see. 2. Cover up like a pro: Long-sleeved shirts, long pants tucked into your socks, and closed-toed shoes make it harder for ticks to latch onto you. Show them who’s boss! 3. Fight back with repellents: Use insect repellents that contain DEET or icaridin. These mighty warriors keep ticks away. 4. Tick checks are a must: After being outside, inspect yourself, your little ones, and your furry friends for any unwanted hitchhikers. If you find a tick, remove it pronto! 5. Laundry hack: Toss your outdoor clothes into the dryer on high heat for at least 10 minutes before washing them. This helps kill any lingering ticks. Dr. Kieran Moore, our Chief Medical Officer of Health, emphasizes, “Lyme disease cases and other tick-borne illnesses are on the rise, just like in other places. But fear not! Simple precautionary measures can significantly reduce the risk of tick bites. Stay alert in wooded or grassy areas, including your own backyard, and always do routine tick checks after enjoying the great outdoors.” Now, here’s the scoop on removing those pesky ticks. They’re super small and hard to spot, but don’t fret! If you find one on your skin, grab a pair of fine-tipped tweezers and get as close to the skin as possible. Then, gently pull upward with steady pressure. Once the tick is out, wash the area with soap and water, followed by disinfecting the area and your hands with rubbing alcohol or some iodine on a swab. If you have any health concerns after a tick bite, it’s crucial to consult a healthcare provider ASAP. Most cases of Lyme disease can be successfully treated with antibiotics, so don’t hesitate to seek professional advice like MisterPharmacist!. When it comes to antibiotic treatment for tick bites, it’s important to consult a healthcare provider for a proper assessment and recommendation. In most cases, if the tick is promptly and correctly removed, the risk of developing an infection is low. However, if there are signs or symptoms of a tick-borne illness, such as Lyme disease, antibiotic treatment may be necessary. For Lyme disease specifically, the recommended antibiotic treatment depends on various factors, including the stage of the infection and the individual’s overall health. The most commonly prescribed antibiotics for Lyme disease are doxycycline, amoxicillin, and cefuroxime. The duration of treatment can vary but is typically around two to three weeks for early-stage Lyme disease. For more advanced cases, a longer course of antibiotics may be necessary. Here are a few quick facts to keep in mind: – Infected blacklegged ticks can be found all over Ontario. Shockingly, there have been over 3,000 cases of Lyme disease in our province since 2021. Let’s not be part of that statistic! – Untreated Lyme disease can make you feel tired and weak. In severe cases, it can even affect your heart, nerves, liver, and joints. In extremely severe cases, it can cause death too. Ticks are most active in spring and summer, they can be found during any time of the year when the temperature is above freezing.
Insect Repellent Facts: Debunking Myths and Best Practices for Protection and Relief!
Insect repellents are an effective way to prevent insect bites. Two commonly used repellents are DEET and icaridin, which are effective against mosquitos and ticks. However, it’s important to note that the recommended age for use and the duration of their effectiveness can vary depending on the concentration, so it’s always a good idea to check the labels before use. One repellent that people may prefer is icaridin. Unlike DEET, icaridin is odorless, non-greasy, and does not damage plastics or other surfaces. This makes it a popular choice for those who value convenience and prefer a more pleasant application experience. T There is a product called Coconut Lime Summer Spray that has gained popularity on social media as a repellent and a “personal veil.” However, it’s worth noting that the active ingredients in this spray, such as aroma oils, avocado oils, aloe vera juice, silicone, and preservatives, do not have strong scientific evidence to support their effectiveness as insect repellents. For those who are looking for a natural alternative, oil of lemon eucalyptus (P-menthane 3,8-diol) or soybean oil can be considered. It’s important to debunk a common myth – garlic is not an effective insect repellent, despite its reputation for repelling vampires. As being of Romanian descent, I should know! Supplements containing vitamin B (or B6) or garlic are also not effective as repellents, so it’s best not to rely on them for protection. I could swear Thiamine (B6) also found in beer helped my friends by the camp fire but data is lacking!:-) When applying insect repellent, it’s important to apply it only to exposed skin or clothing. Avoid spraying it directly on the face; instead, spray it on your hands first and then apply it to the face. Once you are indoors, remember to wash off the repellent. Managing More Severe Reactions: Ensuring Safety and Relief When it comes to managing reactions to insect bites, it’s crucial to understand that children often experience more pronounced reactions compared to adults, with their reactivity gradually decreasing as they grow older. It’s important for parents and caregivers to be aware of the potential severity of these reactions and take appropriate measures to ensure the well-being of their children. One particular severe reaction that some individuals may experience is known as Skeeter Syndrome. This condition is characterized by intense swelling and mild systemic symptoms that can mimic the appearance of cellulitis. While rare, Skeeter Syndrome can cause significant discomfort and distress. In cases where someone exhibits systemic anaphylactic symptoms following an insect bite, such as difficulty breathing or a rapid onset of hives, immediate medical care should be sought without delay. Anaphylaxis is a severe and potentially life-threatening allergic reaction that requires emergency intervention. Prompt action can be lifesaving in such situations. In addition to anaphylactic symptoms, individuals who show signs of infection, such as increased redness, warmth, or discharge from the bite site, should be promptly referred for medical attention. Infections can develop as a result of scratching the bite excessively, which can introduce bacteria into the skin. For managing local reactions to insect bites, there are several measures that can provide relief. Cold compresses can help alleviate swelling and soothe the affected area. Analgesics, such as over-the-counter pain relievers, can be used to alleviate any associated discomfort. Oral antihistamines may also be beneficial in reducing itching and inflammation. However, it’s essential to consult a healthcare professional or MisterPharmacist for appropriate dosing and guidance, especially when administering these medications to children. Topical corticosteroids, available through a prescription from pharmacists following the Ontario Minor Ailment Guidelines, can be highly effective in managing the symptoms of severe local reactions. These corticosteroids work by reducing inflammation and relieving itching. It’s important to use these medications as directed and for the recommended duration to avoid potential side effects. While topical corticosteroids are a reliable option, some individuals may prefer alternative remedies. Topical applications of ammonia or baking soda, known for their soothing properties, can provide temporary relief from itching. Calamine lotion is another popular choice due to its ability to soothe the skin and reduce discomfort. However, it’s crucial to exercise caution when considering topical antihistamines for insect bite reactions. While these medications are commonly used for allergic reactions, they should be avoided in topical forms due to the risk of contact dermatitis. Contact dermatitis can lead to further skin irritation and exacerbate the symptoms rather than providing relief. By understanding the appropriate management strategies for more severe reactions to insect bites, individuals can ensure the safety and well-being of themselves and their loved ones. Seeking immediate medical attention for systemic anaphylactic symptoms and referring individuals showing signs of infection are crucial steps. Utilizing cold compresses, analgesics, oral antihistamines (under professional guidance), topical corticosteroids, or alternative remedies like ammonia, baking soda, or calamine can provide relief and aid in the healing process. Prioritizing appropriate care and being mindful of potential risks and benefits can help alleviate discomfort and promote a speedy recovery. References: 1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2021). Severe allergic reactions. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/healthcommunication/toolstemplates/entertainmented/tips/SevereAllergicReactions.html 2. MedicinesComplete. (2021). Topical corticosteroids. Retrieved from https://www.medicinescomplete.com/#/content/BNFC/99999/258737/Principles_of_prescribing/1104/
Impetigo
You might experience a few of the following signs: Blister-covered bump surrounded by a rash Upon drying, a yellow discharge transforms into a golden or honey-colored crust. can impact the legs, arms, or face. Impetigo is a common skin infection caused by bacteria, usually Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes. It presents as red sores that burst and form a honey-colored crust. Treatment options for impetigo include: Antibiotics: These are usually prescribed by a Mister Pharmacist first (cream) . Common oral antibiotics used to treat impetigo include penicillin, erythromycin, and cloxacillin may be needed if the topical treatment do not work. Please seek a doctor appointment Topical creams: These can help to reduce itching and inflammation. Over-the-counter options include mupirocin ointment. Keeping the affected area clean: Clean the area with soap and water and cover with a dry, sterile bandage to prevent spreading. It is important to complete the full course of antibiotics even if symptoms improve before the medication is finished, to prevent the bacteria from becoming resistant. It’s also important to avoid scratching the affected area as it can cause further irritation and increase the risk of infection. To prevent the spread of impetigo, it is important to keep the affected area clean and covered with a dry, sterile bandage and to wash your hands frequently. Avoid sharing personal items such as towels or washcloths with others. If the infection spreads or doesn’t improve with treatment, it’s important to see a healthcare professional.
Impetigo
Children often get impetigo, which is an infection of the skin. This illness is caused by bacteria and can spread quickly. It is best to get treatment so that the bacteria do not get deeper into the skin and cause a more serious infection. It also lowers the chance that someone else will get sick. At first, someone with impetigo usually gets small blister-like sores on their skin that are red. Sometimes these sores ooze and itch. They tend to form a yellow or gold crust over time. Most of the time, the sores show up on the face, trunk, arms, or legs. Causes and triggers When bacteria get into the body, usually through a small cut or scratch, they cause the infection. It is easy to get if you touch a wound that is been infected or something that is been contaminated (e.g., bed linen, towel, clothing). Seven to ten days after being exposed, impetigo shows up. There are also other things that might help the infection spread or grow: Diseases of the skin (e.g., eczema, scrape) Scratching, because it can make the skin infection spread. A warm, humid environment Living in crowded places, because the disease spreads easily between people who are close to each other. Treatment Treatment varies based on how bad the infection is. Most of the time, the infection is only on the surface of the skin and can be treated with an antibiotic cream. If the infection is deeper or more widespread, you may need to take antibiotics by mouth. The person is contagious until all the crusts have healed or for at least 24 to 48 hours after starting antibiotics. If the infection is treated well, it rarely lasts longer than 7 days. To help stop impetigo from spreading from one person to another: Wash the area gently with soap and water, then put gauze over it. Wash the sick person’s clothes every day and do not let anyone else wear them. Cut the infected person’s nails to keep them from scratching and making things worse. Wash your hands often. Keep the sick person at home until they can no longer spread the disease. When should I go to a doctor or nurse? Check with a doctor or nurse if: Your child or you are showing signs of impetigo. You have already seen a doctor, but you or your child do not seem to be getting better, even though you are getting treatment.
Do I have a cold sore?
What is a cold sore? Cold sores are caused mainly by two herpes simplex viruses (HSVs): herpes simplex-1 (HSV-1) and herpes simplex-2 (HSV-2) (HSV-2). The majority of oral herpes infections are caused by HSV-1, which is most frequently spread through saliva; the majority of genital herpes infections are caused by HSV-2, which is found in vaginal fluids. Orogenital contact, on the other hand, may result in a primary infection of either kind in the oral or genital area. HSV-1 and HSV-2 both have the potential to produce primary or recurrent infections. When a first infection is symptomatic and involves the oral area, it is referred to as primary herpes gingivostomatitis. Although not always, 20–40% of individuals who acquire a first herpes infection develop later recurrent herpes infections as a result of HSV reactivation from dormant cerebral ganglion cells. Oral recurrences often affect the vermilion border of the lips and are referred to as herpes labialis, cold sores, or fever blisters. Recurrences occur less often on the hard palate, chin, or oral mucosa. Around one-third of school-aged children have primary HSV-1 infection , and up to 80% of adolescents and adults have serological evidence of HSV-1 infection. Babies often receive anti-HSV antibodies from their mothers, which protect them against infection until they reach the age of approximately six months. HSV-1 may be spread via close oral-to-oral contact and through contact with virus-infected sores, saliva, and mouth surfaces. Transmission may occur when infected individuals share cosmetics, razors, towels, or dining utensils. After sexual activity starts, the likelihood of HSV-2 infection rises, with risk factors including being female, having a history of sexually transmitted illness, and having numerous sexual partners. Prevention Emotional stress, tiredness, sun exposure (UV light), menstruation and other hormonal changes, fever, heat, upper respiratory tract infection, tooth extraction, and physical trauma or surgery are all common stressors that may trigger recurrences. Take the following preventive steps into consideration: Reduced stress (e.g., healthy diet, enough sleep and exercise, and use of relaxation methods) may help avoid recurrences in people for whom stress is a recognized trigger. In people who report more than one incident per year, prophylactic antiviral therapy prior to dental operations may be recommended to avoid recurrence. Sun protection, particularly at the beach and on ski slopes, may likely decrease the frequency of cold sore recurrences. 30 minutes before to sun exposure, apply a sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher on the lips and face. By frequently washing your hands and avoiding skin-to-skin contact with others until the blister has dried and crusted over, you may prevent the spread of cold sores to other areas of your body and to other people. Nonpharmacological Treatment Advise patients to clean the lesion gently with a moderate soap and water solution. Alternatively, cold tap-water compresses may be applied to the region. To minimize autoinoculation and the spread of HSV, patients should avoid excessive touching of the lesion and regularly wash their hands. Heat application is a therapy that has not been tested in randomized trials. Lipstick-shaped devices have been offered for use on regions experiencing prodromal symptoms. The high temperature (50°C) is hypothesized to alleviate the intensity of symptoms such as burning, blistering, itching, and swelling, perhaps by inhibiting viral multiplication. Pharmacologic Treatment In immunocompromised individuals, oral HSV infections are self-limiting. Analgesics may be prescribed to alleviate symptoms, and topical protectants may help prevent the lesions from cracking and drying excessively (e.g., allantoin, calamine, cocoa butter, petrolatum, zinc oxide). Antivirals may be prescribed to immunocompetent individuals who benefit from a reduction in the duration of symptoms. Patients who are immunocompromised should be referred to a qualified health care practitioner for further assessment. The following table summarizes the most often prescribed medicines for the treatment of cold sores. Analgesics For a period of no more than three days, systemic analgesics such as acetaminophen, ibuprofen, or naproxen may be suggested to manage moderate to severe pain. Topical anesthetics such as benzocaine, camphor, lidocaine, menthol, phenol, pramoxine, or prilocaine may be beneficial in temporarily alleviating moderate discomfort. The dosages that are most often utilized are shown in Table 1. Antivirals Without antiviral therapy, the anticipated duration for a cold sore to recover naturally is 7–10 days. Docosanol is a topical drug that inhibits the transmission of the herpes simplex virus to healthy cells. Acyclovir, famciclovir, and valacyclovir have all been investigated for the treatment and prevention of cold sores; however, only valacyclovir is approved by Health Canada for the treatment of cold sores in individuals over the age of 12 years. While oral acyclovir is not officially recommended for the treatment of herpes labialis, it is the only antiviral drug authorized for usage in adults and children (>2 years). Valacyclovir and famciclovir (prodrugs of acyclovir and penciclovir, respectively) enhance the bioavailability of their active forms. In general, these antiviral medicines have minimal harmful effects since they are transformed to active drug only after they reach virally infected cells through viral thymidine kinase. Treatment of primary infections with antivirals Antiviral therapy is often suggested for uncomplicated bouts of primary oral herpes in healthy individuals in moderate and severe cases. Treatment is most successful when started promptly, preferably within 72 hours. In a small randomized controlled study in children, oral acyclovir reduced the duration of symptoms (e.g. fever, odynophagia, lesions) and viral shedding when compared to placebo. Although randomized controlled studies are limited, famciclovir and valacyclovir are acceptable therapeutic options. Typically, therapy lasts seven days but may extend to ten days depending on the severity of symptoms and response to treatment. Treatment with antivirals for recurring infections Three distinct strategies for antiviral therapy of recurring infections are possible: Intermittent episodic therapy (IET) is used to treat isolated, acute HSV infections at the onset of any clinical sign or symptom associated with a primary or recurring infection. Oral acyclovir famciclovir, and valacyclovir are all recommended. Antiviral regimens with high doses